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Harold E. Puthoff (born June 20, 1936) is an American physicist and parapsychologist.〔(Gale Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology: Harold E. Puthoff )〕 ==Background== In 1967, Puthoff earned a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University.〔〔Jack David, Michael Park. (1978). ''Playback: Canadian Selections''. McClelland and Stewart. p. 68. "Hal Puthoff, has a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University. He worked for the Naval Security Group in Washington and then for the National Security Agency."〕〔Hugh Urban. (2013). ''The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion''. Princeton University Press. p. 113. "A physicist with a PhD from Stanford University, Harold Puthoff joined Scientology in the late 1960s and quickly advanced to the OT VII level by 1971."〕 Puthoff has published his papers on polarizable vacuum (PV) and stochastic electrodynamics topics, which are examples of alternative approaches to general relativity and quantum mechanics. In the 70s and 80s he directed a CIA/DIA-funded program at SRI International to investigate paranormal abilities, collaborating with Russell Targ in a study of the purported psychic abilities of Uri Geller, Ingo Swann, Pat Price, Joseph McMoneagle and others, as part of the Stargate Project. Both Puthoff and Russell Targ became convinced Geller and Swann had genuine psychic powers.〔Russell Targ, Harold Puthoff. (2005). ''Mind-Reach: Scientists Look at Psychic Abilities''. Hampton Roads Publishing Company.〕 However, magicians and skeptics have claimed Geller employed sleight of hand tricks.〔Ben Harris. (1985). ''Gellerism Revealed: The Psychology and Methodology Behind the Geller Effect''. Calgary: Micky Hades International.〕 Puthoff has invented and worked with tunable lasers and electron beam devices, concerning which he holds patents, and he is co-author (with R. Pantell) of ''Fundamentals of Quantum Electronics'' (Wiley, 1969), published in English, French, Russian and Chinese. In 1985, Puthoff founded a for-profit company, EarthTech International in Austin, TX. At about the same time, he founded an academically-oriented scientific research organization, Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin (IASA), also in Austin, TX, where he is Director.〔(Harold Puthoff at the Parapsychological Association )〕 Independent of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJ, IASA pursues more focused research on topics specifically related to energy generation and space propulsion, with funding from anonymous donors. Currently, Puthoff is the CEO of a privately funded research organization called EarthTech International, Inc. This organization is dedicated to the exploration of new frontiers in the physics of spaceflight energy and propulsion. The activities of EarthTech primarily center around investigations into various aspects of the zero-point energy. Among its technical activities EarthTech evaluates claims of devices (so called "over-unity" devices) that are said to release more energy, presumably extracted from the ambient Zero Point electromagnetic field, low-energy nuclear reactions, or some other source, than they consume from conventional power sources.〔(EarthTech International )〕 Puthoff and Earth Tech were granted a US Patent 5,845,220 in 1998 after five years delay. The claims were disputed that information could be transmitted through a distance using a modulated potential with no electric or magnetic field components. The case is used for educational purposes in patent law as an example of valid patents where "The lesson of the Puthoff patent is that in a world where both types of patents are more and more common, even a competent examiner may fail to distinguish innovation from pseudoscience." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harold E. Puthoff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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